Routes of drug administration;

key points-  1. Introduction

                      2. Classification of routes

                      3.Types of local routes

                       4. Types of systemic routes

                       5. Limitations

Introduction;- Drugs can be administered by a various routes. The choice of                                                                                 appropriate routes depends upon both durg as well as patient related factors.

Classification of routes;- Routes can be broadly divided into two types-

                                             1. Local route

                                             2. Systemic route

1. Local route;- These route can be used localized lesions. These route have systemic absorption minimal or absent

                             The drug are applied on desirable site without exposing the rest of body

                             Local route drugs have least or absent systemic side effects and toxicity

Types of local route;- Many types of local routes present but we mainy divided two types-

                                       1. Topical 

                                       2. Intraocular 

1. Topical- Topical drugs are applied on surface of localised action like as- skin,mucosa,anal canal,vagina etc.

                  - most of the toical drugs are present in the form of powder, ointment,spray,suppositors,cream,lotion etc.

2. Intraocular;- These drugs are also used locally but it present in liquid and mainly used for eyes. example- eye drops

2. systemic route;- The drug administered through systemic routes, although it absorbe from the GIT and reaches the blood stream and distributed all over body

Types of systemic route;- manily divided in two types-

                               1. Entral-  a. Oral 

                                                b. Rectal

                               2.Parentral-   Non-injectable- a. Sublingual

                                                                               b. Inhalational

                                                                               c. Intranasal

                                                    - Injectable- a. IM

                                                                         b. IV

                                                                         c. SC     

a. Oral;- Most commenest route of drug administration. It is more safer route and patient can take self administration.

             - It may be solid dosage form and liquid dosage form also take by this route.

Limitation of oral route administration;- Action of drug is slow so can't used in emergencies

                                                                     - May cause nausea & vomiting.

                                                                     - It can be induce vomiting.

b. Rectal;- Certain irritant and unpleasant drug those not given by oral route then it put in rectum like as suppositories and retention enema.

Also read: hospital management software arogyam.

2. Parentral;-

a. Sublingual;- Some lipid soluble and non-irritant drug used by sublingually.

                           - it absorbed rapidly by the lingual vein  and it show fast effect so it used in emergency cases. 

b. Inhalational;- Volatile liquids and gases are given by the inhalational route for systemic action like as- general anaesthetics.

                         - absorption take place from alveoli so it shows a rapid action.

c. Intranasal;- The mucous membrane of the nose can readily absorbe many drug and shows a rapid action of drug